Clamshell excavator of the carry type



Nov. 13, 1951 J. SELL 2,574,713

CLAMSHELL EXCAVATOR OF THE CARRY TYPE Filed Aug. 14, 1946 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 awe/14M JESSE SELL- Patented Nov. 13, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CLAMSHELL EXCAVATOR OF THE CARRY TYPE Jesse Sell, Elmw ood, Nebr.

Application August 14, 1946, Serial No. 690,492 4 Claims. (01. 37-126) This invention relates to excavating and earth moving machines. It is an object of the invention to provide an excavator having earth cutting surfaces which are slanted during cutting use, with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the excavator for enabling the excavator to easily and rapidly scoop earth and the like, during operation.

It is well knownthat any edged cutting implement requires less power in instances when the cutters thereof are presented to the work at an angle of inclination with respect to the direction of the application of said power thereto and the instant invention aims to provide a construction such that a large quantity of earth cut from the ground by and during a forward travel of the machine is simultaneously scooped up with less power than heretofore has been employed.

Another object of the invention is to provide an earth excavator having oppositely disposed cutters, the adjunct parts of which are further constructed so as to'catch-and retain the earth cut from the surface of the ground, for and during transportation. I e e A further object is to provide an earth excavator, the contents of which may be readily dumped either partly or entirely, and the contents of which may be gradually dumped at a selected rate and during forward movements of the excavator, at desired times, for spreading the load.

A still further object resides in the provision of an earth excavator, the scoop mechanism of which may be employed for. lowering the cutters thereof into the work a selected distance and raised, when loaded, for transportation.

Another object is to provide an earth excavating mechanism, the clamshell scoop of which may be opened and closed by means of winches, the said winches being either hand or power operated, depending upon the capacity of the excavator.

Still another object of this invention resides in the provision of an excavator having front supporting wheels which may be attached or removed from the excavator, as may be desired, in accordance with the type of traction employed.

A further object of the invention is to provide an earth excavator which is constructed and the parts thereof so cooperatively assembled with respect to each other that a minimum number of parts is necessary for obtaining the desired results.

Other and still further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof;

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the clamshell scoop mechanism of this invention, certain parts thereof being broken away for convenience of illustration.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the mechanism shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a similar section taken on line 44 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional detail of a fragment of the mechanism, the view being taken approximately between the lines 55 of Figure 3.

The clamshell scooping and transporting mechanism of this invention includes a framework, generally indicated at 10. The frame preferably includes side frame members I! and M, a rearward end, transversely disposed frame member I6, and aforward platform frame member It. The respective frame membersmay be integral if desired or attached together by any suitable means'such as welding, bolts, rivets or the like.

The platform I8 is provided with considerable width for upholding and positionin a pair of pulleys beyond the sides of the clamshells, as later described, and all of the said frame members are preferably constructed of angle iron for providing strength and durability.

A pair of wheels 20 are rotatably attached by means of their two stub axles 22 to the rearward end of the frame 10 by means of pillow blocks 24 in such a manner that the wheels 20 will support the rear end of the framework In. The wheels 20 are-disposed in parallelism with each other and I which is secured to the under side of the platform I8 by any suitable means, the standard being braced in a vertical position by means of triangular fish plates 28.

A pair of wheels 30 are provided for supporting the front end of the framework It at desired times. The wheels 30, when used, uphold their axle 32, the latter being disposed through bearings 34. gThe wheels are readily removable with respect to the axle at times when it is not desired to use said wheels.

A bolster is indicated at 31 which is pivotally attached by a king pin 39 to the lower end of the standard 26, said pin being represented by tached to the towing step of a tractor, or to arl evener bar at times when horses for traction.

It will be seen that the wheels so are m d6 able from the axle 32 so that the weight of the are employed forward end of the machine; carried ;by-the.;.

towing step of a tractor at times when the scoop is to be loaded heavily. It will also be seen,'='l:row--' such that while the scoop is in a closed position,

the said ;members will resemble the sides of a cylinder forming a bucket semi-circular in cross section which is open atthe top. The lower edges 45 and '41 of the clamshell members 44 and 46, respectively are sharpened providing scraper blades for. earth cutting purposes. Also the forward lower'edges of the clamshells provide cutters. 1 I

The elongated clamshell bucket sections 44 and are positioned;inlongitudinally disposed planes substantially parallel to the wheels 20, and the 'scraper-blades 45 and 41, forming the lower edges of the sections '44 and 46, aredisposed during the digging or-;excavating action, closer together at their rearwardends than at their forward ends, whereby the scraping edges are inclined with respect to the direction of travel. The scraper blades or cutting edges of the bucket sections are spaced near each other during excavation.

The rearward end wall of thesaid cylinderis formed by two semi-circular members 48 and B which latter are each welded or otherwise suitably secured respectively to the clamshell members 44 and. 46 in such a position that their lower ends are in alignment with the lower edge of the clamshell members and so that their upper ends extend upwardly of the respective clamshell members any desired distance,- the arcuate edges of the semi-circular end walls 48 and 50 being attached to the rearward edges of the clamshell members.

Means are provided for pivotally securing the rearward end walls of the, clamshell members together at their centers and for pivotally attaching each of the semi-circular end members to the framework ID of the excavator ina manner permitting the clamshell members 44 and 46 to be moved upwardly and downwardly'with respectto the framework I0. Said'mea'ns ineludes the keeper pin 52 which extends through aligned apertures in a pair of tabs 54. The tabs 54 are welded or otherwise suitably secured to the'semi circular members "48 and 50 respectively'. The pin 52 ispro'videdwith a head'at its 4 inner end and a cotter pin at its outer end for preventing its dislocation from the tabs 54.

The pin 52 is upheld by means of an apertured bearing plate 56, through the aperture in the lower end of which the pin 52 extends. A connecting link 58 is provided with a clevis 5'! at its lower end for pivotally connecting the link -58with"th'e 'ap'e'rtured upper end of the bearing plate 56. The upper end of the link 58 is similarly provided with a clevis 59 and pin for a pivotal connection with the transversely extending-crank arm portion 60 of its longitudinally extending supporting rod or actuating shaft 62. A backstop 63 is pivotally attached to the pin 52' and depends downwardly to the lower edges of the clarnshell members 44 and 46. The backstop 63 is preferably of approximately a triangular shape and wider at its lower end for abutting the rearward ends of the clamshells, which rear- Ward ends are disposedtransversely with respect to the direction of travel of the machine. The backstop 6,3 isfor preventing dirt from escaping rearwardly when the scoop is partially open, as best shown in Figure '4.

The forward end of the supporting rod 62 is journaled' through a bearing block 64. The latter is mounted on and suitably secured to the upper surface of the platform [8 and the forward end of the supporting rod 62 is provided with a boss 66 for preventing the rod 62 from sliding rearwardly out of the block 64. A rearward portion of the end of the rod 62 is rotatably disposed through a bearing 68. The latter is attached to and upheld by an arcuate supporting member 10, the member 10 being arched upwardly, having its lower ends secured to the side frame members [2 and I4- respectively. gAs-shown in Figure 2, thebearing 68 is disposed at one side of the longitudinal axis of the machine.

The rearward ends of the clamshell members 44 and 146 are furtherepivotally coupled to the frameworkalfl by means of a swingable bar 12 which is integral with its inner end portion 56. As shown by Pl tted lines inFigure 4, the bearing plate portion 56 of the bar 12 is down-turned and pivotally connected to the keeper pin 52. The bar 12 is pivotally attached atits outer end to the side frame member [2, since the latter is at the opposite side of the longitudinal axis of the machine with respect to the shaft or bar 62. The shaft '62 is disposed at one "side of the machine so that the crank arms 60 and 18 of the shaft are operative. As shownin'Figure 4, the bar I2 is attached to a hanger bracket 16 of the frame by a bolt 14. v

The shaft '62 is provided; at a point just adjacent its forward endfwith a transversely disposed crank arm 78, the free or outer end of which is pivotally attached'to aforward link 33, shown in dotted lines in Figure 3 and partially shown in full lines in Figure 5, the forward link 89 being pivotally attached at its lower end to a yoke 82.

The yoke 82 is apertured at its lower end for receiving apin 84. The latter pivotally supports and is connected to the upper edges of oppositely disposed {forward clamshell scoop walls 86 and 88 respectively employed -'for the clamshell membe'rs44 and 46. j v

-'Theforward -reinforcing walls 86 and 88 preferably"extenddownwardly' from the pin 84 to a point v approximately midway between the pin 84 and the bottom'ofthe clamshell members so that later described cables may be attached to said members for drawing them toward each other.

:3 Ijhe clamshell members ;44,and 4E5. areprevented from, transverse swaying movements with-respect :tothe framework I by means-ofa U-shaped .bar90, and at times-when said cablesare slack. The rear. ends of the. arm portions of the U- ,bar 90 are attached to the inside ofthe side frame members I2 and I4.by means ofthepins 92, as shown in I Figures 2 and 3.. They forward. or central portion of the anti-sway member 90 is attached to the pin 84 by the yoke-8.2;

A vertically swingable forward wall 94 is pros .vided for covering the lower halfof the .circle formed by the side walls ..of the clamshell members when the latter are closed together. The forward wall 94 is of semi-circularshapehaving its. straight upper edge welded-to a second U- =shaped bar 96.: .The bar .Siiis also "provided with rearwardly extending side arms which-are attached preferably to the outside of'the'side frame members I2 and I4 by means of the pins 92.v

The clamshell member 46, as shown in Figure 1, is provided with a forwardly..projectingxstop or detent finger 91 for engaging the U.-shaped bar 96 for purposes later described.

The yoke 82 mayrbeof a U-sh'ape, as'shown in Figure 5, having the arcuate portionitof the said 'U-shape extending across the top of the swingable bar 90, the arms of the U extending downwardly. Preferably :the I arms of the yoke 82 are drawn toward each-other at their lower ends as shown in Figure 1. The arms of the U-shaped yoke 82 are provided .with apertures for receiving the pin 84 therethrough andthe pin 84' extends re'arwardly through apertures of a'tang 83 which extends'upwardly from the top of the clamshell member 44 and a second tab or tang 85 which extends from and is attached to the forward wall-8t of the clamshell side wall member 46. The pin 84 also extends through the apertured lower end ofthe linkage 80, as shown in Figure 5.

Means are provided forclosing the cutter edges of the clamshell side wall m'embers44 and 46 together and such means includes a clamshell closing winch drum 98 locked axially to a'sleeve axle mu, an upright apertured bearing block IBi rotatably securing the axle I 90 to the upper side of the platform I8 and anysuitable'means, not shown, for rotating the drum 98; j A pair of clamshell closing-cables I03 and I04 are employed and respectively reeved over a pair of pulleys I06 and I08, the said pulleys being respectively attached adjacent the forward ends and to the side frame members I2 and I4 by any suitable means such as the bracket supports II EI and H2, respectively. I 7 7 The closing cables I03 and I 04 extend from their pulleys, having their lower ends connected, as at H4 and H6, respectively, to the lower portions of the forward transversely disposed wall portions 88 and 86 of the arcuate side walls 44 and 46 respectively.

Operation As shown in Figure 4, the side wall portion's'44 and 46 of the clamshells each define, approximately one-fourth of a circle, the rear edges of said side walls being welded to the rear plates 50 and. 48.respectively, said plates eachdefining one-half of a circle, saidrear end plates being saidportion 56 and to the crank arm 60 of the shaft 62, the rear end of said shaft being mounted in an elevated position by means of the arch III as heretofore explained, and it will be understood that the rear end walls 50 and 48 are so constructed and arranged with respect to the assembly that the portions thereof which are above the pivot pin 52 are adapted to swing past each other at times when the side walls 44 and. 45 of the clamshells are swung transversely away from each other as later explained. The arm 12 holds the pivot pin 52 and the clamshells disposed inparallelism with the longitudinal axi of the machine.

The forward ends of the side walls 44 and 4B of the'clamshells are welded to or formed integral with the upwardly arched portions 44' and .46. thereof respectively and the forward trans- ;versely disposed end walls 88 and 86 of the clamshellslare welded at their edge portions to the portions 44 and 46' respectively, said portions 44' and 46' being best shown in Figure 2.

The forward walls 88 and 86 provide reinforcements for stiffening the portions 44 and 46 respectively and also provide a point of attachment adjacent their lower edges for the crossed cables I04 and I03 as shown in Figure 3, whereby said cables are arranged to pull the walls 88 and 86 toward each other for applying a corresponding movement toward each other of the side walls 44 and 46 of the clamshells, since the pulleys for said cables are respectively disposed outwardly of the sides of the side walls.

Adjacent the medial portions of the portions .44 and 46 of the clamshells 44 and 46, the latter are pivotally secured together upon the rear end of the pivot pin 84 as shown in Figure 5, in a manner whereby said shells may swing away from and toward each other on said pivot pin.

At times when the spool 98 is caused to be rotated for winding the cables I03 and I04, in opposite directions, on the said spool the lower end of the cables cause the longitudinally disposed cutting edges 44 and 41 of the clamshells to move toward each other.

, At'this time the lower ends of the cables I03 and H14 move upwardly also in consequence of said winding, said upward movement also carrying the pivot pin 84, Figure 5, upwardly for applying a corresponding upward movement to the link pivotally attached to said pin and since the upper end of the link 80 is pivotally attached as at "I, as best shown in dotted lines in Figure 3, to the adjacent end of the crank arm '53, said crank arm is also caused to move upwardly.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, that end of the crank arm which is oppositely disposed with respect to the pivot pin I'II is welded or otherwise suitably attached to the longitudinally disposed shaft 62-, whereby at the time the link 80, Figure 5, is raised upwardly a corresponding movement is applied to the lever arm I8 for rotating the shaft 62 in its bearings, whereby that certain crank arm 60 on the rear end of the shaft 62 is also caused to swing upwardly, thereby moving the connecting link 58 upwardly together with the inwardly disposed end portion 56 of the swingable spacer arm I2, whereby the rear end of the clamshell scoop is moved upwardly simultaneously with an upward movement of the forward end thereof. Since the crank arm 60 is shorter than the crank arm I8, the rear ends of the clamshells move upwardly correspondingly and a lesser distance than the forward ends thereof. Also it willbe seen that said forward and rearward ends of said shells move correspondingly downward with respect to the lengths of the said crank arms 18 and 60.

Upward movement of the forward end of the scoop also causes the finger 91 to ascend, whereby the side arms 96 of the U-shaped member 66 also move upwardly at their forward ends while their rear ends are held pivotally mounted to the pivot pins 62, said upward movement of the side arms 96 causing the member 96' to move upwardly correspondingly with respect to the finger 91. Upward movement of the member 96 causes an upward movement of the apron 94, since the upper horizontal top of the apron is welded to the member 56, as best shown in Figure -3. The apron 94 constitutes a swingable front wall for the scoop.

As described, it will be seen that at the time the spool or drum is rotated, the cables I03 and 104 become taut for moving the clamshell upwardly and to a position with respect to the soil or ground I10, as shown in Figure 1, whereby the clamshell being above the soil, the machine is in a traveling or loaded condition and Figures 1 and 3 show the relative positions of the parts of the mechanism at the time the machine is loaded and the scoop is above the roadway or soil I10.

At this time the other two cables I30 and I28 are comparatively slack since the weight of the scoop is carried by the cables I03 and I04 and the scoop is maintained in the position shown in Figure 1 by means of the pawl I44 engaging between two of the teeth I40 of the spool 98.

At the time it is desired to dump the transported load from the excavator, the pawl I44 is permitted to remain in engagement for holding the loaded scoop above the soil, whereupon the jerk line I58 is manipulated for freeing the pawl I46 from the teeth I42 of the spool H8 and simultaneously the shaft I20 is caused to be rotated for winding the cables I28 and I30, in opposite directions, around the spool H8 thereby lifting the side walls I46 and I44 upwardly further and at this time the cables I03 and I04 become'slack.

The said winding of the cables I 28 and I30 causesthe cutting edges 45 and 41 of the clamshells to spread apart from the full line position thereof to the dotted line position thereof, as shown in Figure 3, for opening the bottom of the scoop,

thereby permitting the material to fall out of the scoop between the then spread apart edges 45 and 41 for dumping the load. The crank I22 is then released for permitting the cutting edges 45 and 41 to return to their normal full line position as shown in Figure 3, whereupon the pawl I46 is returned into engagement with respect to the teeth I42 of the spool IIS, whereby the relative positions are as best shown in Figure 1.

The machine, in the described condition, i now towed to the site where it is desired to excavate earth and during said transportation, the cutting edges 45 and 41 are held above the soil by the said pawls.

It will be understood that the forward arcuate edges of the shells 44 and 46 are comparatively sharp for digging into the soil and upon the arrival of the mechanism adjacent the earth to be excavated, the jerk line I56 i manipulated for releasing the pawl I44 from the teeth I40 of the spool 98, whereupon the forward ends of the oppositely disposed clamshells 44 and 46 are thereby permitted to swing downward by operation of gravity and the forward lower cutting edges of the side clamshells 44 and 46 engage the soil and arepermitted to dig into the soil, during the forward travel of the machine to an extent commensurate with the amount of slack or lack of slack the operator permits with respect to the cables I03 and I04, whereby the depth of a cut may be gauged and selected as desired and in accordance with whether or not the soil is of friable or compacted characteristics.

The forward ends of the clamshells being engaged in the soil resultant from said forward ends having moved from the position thereof as shown in Figure.3 to a point below the upper surface of the soil I10 as shown in Figure 4, earth becomes scooped up and moves backwardly with respect to th side walls of the scoop and since the arrangement is such that the forward ends of said side walls are disposed further below the surface I10 of the soil than the rear ends of the said side walls, the bottom portion or lower-most portions of the said side walls are canted at an angle of inclination with respect 'to the surface I10 of the soil, whereby the cutting edges and 41 are presented at an angle of inclination to the soil as indicated at 41' and 45 in Figure 4, whereby earth is severed with a comparatively smaller amount of traction during forward travel of the tractor and machine.

In heavy or moistsoils it will be seen'that since the forward end of the scoop drops down, by operation of gravity, further than the rear end thereof that at the time the forward ends of the clamshells are in digging position, the forward ends of the cutters 45 and 41 are disposed further apart than the rear ends of said cutters, whereby said cutters are also presented to the soil at an angle of inclination with respect to the line of draft or forward travel of the machine, said angle being depicted, slightly, in Figure 2 where the said shells are shown in a nearly completely closed position with respect to each other, said angle also being illustrated in Figure 4 at 41' and 45'.

During excavating, the member 63 prevents the dirt from overflowing the rear ends of the then spread apart side walls 44 and 46, whereby the scoop fills up with earth to a desired extent, whereupon the operator causes the spool 98 to be rotated for closing the side walls of the scoop together and for raising the scoop as above described, said raising occurring resultant from an upward movement of the cables I03 and I04, said cables also direct the cutting edges 45 and 41 toward each other and toward a closed position and to a position so that the arcuate edges of the front wall 94 are disposed closely adjacent the forward end edges of the side walls 44 and 46, as shown by the full line position of the parts in Figure 3 for preventing the material from sliding out of thescoop at the forward end thereof during transportation.

At times when the cutter edges 45 and 41 are spread away from each other during a loading of the scoop, as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 3, they are also spread away from the side edges of the front wall 94, as shown in Figure 3, since the front wall 94 is swingable only in a vertical direction and does not move side-wise, whereby space is provided between said side edges of the wall 94 and the forward ends of the cutters 45 and 41 for permitting the scoop to load.

From the foregoing description, it is thought to be obvious that a clamshell scoop constructed in accordance with my invention is particularly well adapted for use by reason of the convenience and facility with which it may be assembled and operated, and it will also be obvious that my invention is susceptible ofsome change and modi-Z fication including variations in the shape and size of the parts without departing from the principles and spirit thereof and for this reason I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise arrangement and formation of the several parts herein shown in carrying out my invention in practice, except as claimed.

I claim: 7

1. An earth moving and excavating machine comprising a frame, means including wheels for supporting opposite ends of said frame above the surface of the ground, at least two of said wheels being disposed in parallelism with each other and in parallelism with respect to the direction of travel of said machine, oppositely disposed elongated clamshells forming a scoop, said clamshells being disposed in approximate parallelism with said parallel wheels and having ends disposed forwardly and rearwardly with respect to said direction of travel; a U-shaped member transversely disposed with respect to said two wheels and pivotally secured to said frame at its ends in a manner for swinging movement in a vertical plane; means including a pin pivotally securing the forward ends of said clamshells to said U- shaped member at a point spaced upwardly from the lowermost portions of said clamshells; a second pin pivotally securing the rearward ends of said clamshells together at a point spaced upwardly from the lowermost portions of said clamshells, said clamshells having lowermost longitudinal edges adapted to abut one another for closing the bottom of said scoop at desired times; means attached to said second pin for raising the rearward ends of said clamshells with respect to said frame in response to upward movement of the forward end of said clamshells with respect to said frame; and means for causing said clam shell members to open and close with respect to each other and to raise and lower with respect to said frame.

2. In an excavating and transporting machine, the combination which comprises a substantially horizontally disposed frame, rectangular-shape in plan, wheels supporting said frame with the frame sloping upwardly toward the forward end, a pair of elongated arcuate clamshell bucket sections positioned longitudinally of the frame and which in the closed positions provide a bucket substantially semi-circular in cross section, the

lower edges of said bucket sections providing scraper blades, a U-shape bar having longitudinally positioned arms positioned with the bar extended across the forward ends of said bucket sections and with the ends of the arms pivotally mounted on the frame, means pivotally connecting the forward ends of the said bucket sections to the said U-shape bar, a horizontally disposed arm pivotally mounted in one side of the frame and spaced from the rear ends of the bucket sections, means pivotally connecting the said bucket sections to the said arm, means actuating the said bucket sections from an open to a closed position, means actuating the said U-shape bar and horizontally disposed arm to elevate the said bucket sections for transportation, and means opening the said bucket sections for dumping.

3. In an excavating and transporting" machine, the combination which comprises a substantially horizontally disposed frame, rectangularshape in plan, wheels supporting the said frame with the frame sloping upwardly toward the forward end, a pair of elongated arcuate clamshell bucket sections positioned longitudinally of the frame and which in the closed positions provide a bucket substantially semi-circular in cross section, the lower edges of said bucket sections providing scraper blades, a U-shape bar having longitudinally positioned arms positioned with the bar extended across the forward ends of the bucket sections and with the ends of the arms pivotally mounted on the frame, means pivotally connecting the forward ends of the bucket sections to the said U-shape bar, a U-shape member also having longitudinally disposed arms positioned with the member extended across the forward ends of the bucket sections and with the ends of the arms pivotally connected to the frame, a closure depending from the said U-shape member and positioned to close the forward ends of the said bucket sections for transportation, a horizontally disposed arm pivotally mounted on one side of the frame and spaced from the rear ends of the bucket secto-ns, means pivotally connecting the rear ends of the bucket sections to the horizontally disposed arm, means actuating the said bucket sections from an open to a closed position, means actuating the said U-shape bar and horizontally disposed arm to elevate the said bucket sections for transportation, and means opening the said bucket sections for dumping.

4. In an excavating and transporting machine, the combination which comprises a substantially horizontally disposed frame, rectangular-shape in plan, wheels supporting said frame with the frame sloping upwardly toward the forward end, a pair of elongated arcuate clamshell bucket sections positioned longitudinally of the frame and which in the closed positions provide a bucket substantially semi-circular in cross section, the lower edges of said bucket sections providing scraper blades and being in engagement at the rear and spaced at their forward ends with the sections in the closed positions, a U-shape bar having longitudinally disposed arms positioned with the bar extended across the forward ends of the bucket sections and with the ends of the arms pivotally mounted on the frame, means pivotally connecting the forward ends of the bucket sections to the said U-shape bar, a horizontally disposed arm pivotally mounted on one side of the frame and spaced from the rear ends of the bucket sections, means pivotally connecting the rear ends of the bucket sections to the horizontally disposed arm, a crank actuated winch mounted on the frame and having cables extended therefrom to the bucket sections for closing the said bucket sections, a crank actuated spool having cables thereon and with the cables connected to the bucket section mounting elements for elevating the said bucket sections, and a pawl positioned to engage teeth on the spool for retaining the said bucket sections in elevated positions for transportation.

JESSE SELL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 138,485 Curless May 6, 1.873 579,163 Mullen Mar. 23, 1897 1,952,742 Botsford Mar. 2'7, 1934 

